Explanation: Recently, the Centre sanctioned ₹9 crore under the Jan Man Scheme for development, welfare, and cultural preservation of the Maram Naga tribe in Manipur. The Maram Naga tribe is part of the larger Naga ethnic group and mainly lives in Senapati district, Manipur. They belong to the Tibeto-Burman family of the Mongoloid race. They speak the Maram language, a Sino-Tibetan language written in the Roman script. Agriculture is their main occupation, with shifting and wet cultivation widely practiced. Their major festivals are Punghi in July, Kanghi in December, and the women-centric Mangkang festival in April.

Explanation: Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami inaugurated the 47th All India Public Relations Conference-2025 at Hotel Emerald Grand, Dehradun, on December 13. The conference, organised by the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI), runs from December 13 to 15, with participation from Public Relation and communication professionals nationwide, including delegates from Russia. The theme is “Viksit Bharat @2047: Development as well as Heritage,” focusing on Public Relation’s role in nation-building, combating misinformation, and fostering credible government-public communication.

Explanation: Piton de la Fournaise, located on the east–southeastern part of Réunion Island in the western Indian Ocean, has erupted for the second time this year. It is a massive basaltic shield volcano, formed by successive lava flows that create broad, gently sloping sides. The volcano is regarded as one of the most active volcanoes in the world due to its frequent eruptions. Its eruptions are typically short-lived and usually begin with spectacular lava fountains, followed by the outpouring of large lava flows.

Explanation: The Annual Ground Water Quality Report 2025 was released by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. The report analysed around 15,000 groundwater samples collected across India in 2024. 13–15% of total samples showed uranium contamination, exceeding Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking water limits. In Delhi, 24 out of 83 samples exceeded uranium parameters; contamination was above 30 parts per billion (PPB) in pre- and post-monsoon samples. Northwestern India—Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, parts of Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh—emerged as uranium contamination hotspots due to geogenic factors, groundwater depletion, and aquifer characteristics.

Explanation: Madhya Pradesh (MP) has launched the helicopter-driven Boma technique to capture and relocate blackbucks and nilgais damaging farmers’ crops. The initiative began in Kalapipal area of Shajapur district in western MP. On Day One, 45 blackbucks were captured and shifted to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary, 275 km away. The sanctuary, spread across Mandsaur and Neemuch districts, is home to African cheetahs and over 35 leopards. The project is guided by a 15-member expert team from South Africa. The Boma technique uses a helicopter to herd animals into a funnel-shaped enclosure for safe capture and transport. The 10-day exercise aims to move around 400 blackbucks and 100 nilgais to Gandhi Sagar.

Explanation: Union Minister for Railways launched e-Railway Claims Tribunal as reform number four under Indian Railways initiative “52 Reforms in 52 Weeks”. It ensures full computerisation and digitisation of Railway Claims Tribunal functioning. Objective is to make claim filing, processing and judgement faster, transparent and accessible across India. Passengers can file claims online from any location, even during travel or after reaching destination. Entire system from electronic filing to case tracking is digitised and Artificial Intelligence-enabled. E-Filing allows 24×7 online submission of claims, petitions, affidavits and supporting documents. Case Information System is centralised database for auto-allocation and real-time case tracking.

Explanation: The remains of the luxury steamer Lac La Belle have been discovered at the bottom of Lake Michigan over 150 years after it sank in a storm. Lake Michigan is the third largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is the only Great Lake entirely within the United States. By surface area, it is the fourth largest freshwater lake and the fifth largest lake in the world. The lake connects to Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac.

Explanation: Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta approved the Chief Minister Skill Development Scheme to support artisans of khadi, handloom, cottage industries and unorganised sector. The scheme will be implemented through Delhi Khadi and Village Industries Board (DKVIB). In 2025–26, 3,728 beneficiaries will be trained with Rs 8.95 crore allocation, and Rs 57.50 crore is proposed for 2026–27 expansion. The first phase will focus on 18,000 tailors registered on the e-Shram portal. Beneficiaries must be 18 years or above, only one per family, with mandatory Aadhaar verification. Training will be for 12 days including Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP), with stipend, meals and toolkits.

Explanation: Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) is a Central Sector Scheme for the socio-economic empowerment of six notified minority communities. It focuses on skill development, women entrepreneurship, and education support for school dropouts. It aims to improve employment, livelihood, and leadership skills, and promote traditional arts and Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). 3% seats are reserved for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in all components. Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) must ensure 75% placement, with 50% in the organised sector as per National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF). Details were shared in Rajya Sabha by the Union Minister of Minority Affairs.

Explanation: November 9 is observed as National Legal Services Day to mark the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. The Act established institutions to provide free legal aid to needy and marginalized citizens. India’s legal aid system reached 44.22 lakh people between 2022 and 2025. From 2022–23 to 2024–25, about 23.58 crore cases were resolved through state, permanent, and national Lok Adalats.